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The explosive story of America's secret post-WWII science programs, from the author of the New York Times bestseller Area 51
In the chaos following World War II, the U.S. government faced many difficult decisions, including what to do with the Third Reich's scientific minds. These were the brains behind the Nazis' once-indomitable war machine. So began Operation Paperclip, a decades-long, covert project to bring Hitler's scientists and their families to the United States.
Many of these men were accused of war crimes, and others had stood trial at Nuremberg; one was convicted of mass murder and slavery. They were also directly responsible for major advances in rocketry, medical treatments, and the U.S. space program. Was Operation Paperclip a moral outrage, or did it help America win the Cold War?
Drawing on exclusive interviews with dozens of Paperclip family members, colleagues, and interrogators, and with access to German archival documents (including previously unseen papers made available by direct descendants of the Third Reich's ranking members), files obtained through the Freedom of Information Act, and dossiers discovered in government archives and at Harvard University, Annie Jacobsen follows more than a dozen German scientists through their postwar lives and into a startling, complex, nefarious, and jealously guarded government secret of the twentieth century.
In this definitive, controversial look at one of America's most strategic, and disturbing, government programs, Jacobsen shows just how dark government can get in the name of national security.
- Sales Rank: #53408 in Books
- Published on: 2014-02-11
- Released on: 2014-02-11
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.75" h x 2.00" w x 6.50" l, 1.88 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 592 pages
From Booklist
*Starred Review* By the end of 1945, the alliance of the Western powers with the Soviet Union had frayed, and the basic outlines of what would become the Cold War had taken shape. At the same time, military, scientific, and political leaders in the U.S. had become acutely aware of the value of German scientists responsible for great advances in rocketry and biological research under the Nazis. So, in August 1945, President Truman authorized the Joint Intelligence Objectives Agency (JIOA), a division of the Office of Strategic Services (OSS), to aggressively “recruit” German scientists to come to the U.S. and to work for various government-affiliated programs. Truman had stipulated that members of the Nazi Party were not to be included. As Jacobsen, an investigative journalist, illustrates, the JIOA adroitly sidestepped Truman’s directive through an intense program of fraud and deception. Documents were forged or altered, wartime activities were covered up, and, in some cases, entirely new identities were created, all in the service of our national interest. Some of these men were only marginal Nazis, but some were fervent “true believers” directly responsible for war crimes. This is an engrossing and deeply disturbing exposé that poses ultimate questions of means versus ends. --Jay Freeman
Review
One of The Boston Globe's Best Books of 2014
One of iBooks' Top Ten Nonfiction Books of the Year
"Important, superbly written.... Jacobsen's book allows us to explore these questions with the ultimate tool: hard evidence. She confronts us with the full extent of Paperclip's deal with the devil, and it's difficult to look away."―Matt Damsker, USA Today (4 stars)
"With Annie Jacobsen's OPERATION PAPERCLIP for the first time the enormity of the effort has been laid bare. The result is a book that is at once chilling and riveting, and one that raises substantial and difficult questions about national honor and security...This book is a remarkable achievement of investigative reporting and historical writing."―Boston Globe
"As comprehensive as it is critical, this latest expose from Jacobsen is perhaps her most important work to date.... Jacobsen persuasively shows that it in fact happened and aptly frames the dilemma.... Rife with hypocrisy, lies, and deceit, Jacobsen's story explores a conveniently overlooked bit of history." -- Publishers Weekly (starred)
"The most in depth account yet of the lives of Paperclip recruits and their American counterparts.... Jacobsen deftly untangles the myriad German and American agencies and personnel involved...more gripping and skillfully rendered are the stories of American and British officials who scoured defeated Germany for Nazi scientists and their research."―New York Times Book Review
"Chilling, compelling, and comprehensive accounting.... Jacobsen's impressive book plumbs the dark depths of this postwar recruiting and shows the historical truths behind the space race and postwar US dominance. Highly recommended for readers in World War II history, espionage, government cover-ups, or the Cold War." -- Library Journal (starred)
"Darkly picaresque.... Jacobsen persuasively argues that the mindset of the former Nazi scientists who ended up working for the American government may have exacerbated Cold War paranoia."―New Yorker
"An engrossing and deeply disturbing exposé that poses ultimate questions of means versus ends." -- Booklist (starred)
"Annie Jacobsen's Operation Paperclip is a superb investigation, showing how the U.S. government recruited the Nazis' best scientists to work for Uncle Sam on a stunning scale. Sobering and brilliantly researched." -- Alex Kershaw, author of The Liberator
"Throughout, the author delivers harrowing passages of immorality, duplicity and deception, as well as some decency and lots of high drama. How Dr. Strangelove came to America and thrived, told in graphic detail." -- Kirkus Reviews
"[A] gripping, always disquieting story of a nation forced to trade principle for power.... Jacobsen gives us many vivid moments.... OPERATION PAPERCLIP takes its place in the annals of Cold War literature, one more proof that moral purity and great power can seldom coexist."―Chris Tucker, The Dallas Morning News
"Jacobsen uses newly released documents, court transcripts, and family-held archives to give the fullest accounting yet of this endeavor." -- The New York Post
"Doggedly researched." -- Parade
"A compelling work with interesting historical and personal revelations."―Jay Watkins, CIA's Intelligence in Public Literature
About the Author
Annie Jacobsen is a journalist and the author of the New York Times bestseller Area 51. A graduate of Princeton University, she lives in Los Angeles with her husband and two sons.
Most helpful customer reviews
71 of 78 people found the following review helpful.
Troubling, often difficult to stomach, but in the end an important book about moral shortcuts at the highest levels.
By n735wb.
Annie Jacobsen plunges us head first into the grim dossiers of some of the most celebrated names in America’s space program in her well researched book on the infamous World War II project called Operation Paperclip. Designed to prevent Nazi Germany’s scientific minds from taking their weapons-making skills to Russia, Paperclip instead devolved into a US government-sanctioned safe harbor for more than a hundred SS thugs and cold killers. “Humans and machine parts went into the tunnels,” writes Jacobsen of the underground assembly areas for Hitler’s V-2 rockets. “Rockets and corpses came out.” Most famously, Jacobsen tells the story of the well known SS officer Werner Von Braun who today has a performing arts center named after him near the rocket center in Huntsville, Alabama but who during the war showed little concern for the thousands of concentration camp workers who built his rockets in the death mills of the underground mines called the Mittelwerks. Rather than stand trial for his inhumanity, von Braun was brought to American and treated like a celebrity, his horrific past notwithstanding.
In alike matter, one name after the other pours forth from the pages of Jacobsen’s book at a pace that at times seems overwhelming but that in the end paints a portrait of a large-scale moral rationalizations set against the looming crisis of the Cold War. Jacobsen presents her material with detail never before seen in print masterfully laying out the facts without undue sensationalism.
Troubling, often difficult to stomach, but in the end comprehensive, this well written account is a warning to those of us today who are tempted to believe that “national security” forgives past sins or that “national interest” trumps morality. Thankfully, Ms. Jacobsen’s excellent books tells us that quite the opposite is true.
94 of 105 people found the following review helpful.
A powerful book that will change your view of the Defense Department
By americangadfly
After Nazi Germany's surrender to the Allies, sixty of the world's most evil human beings gathered as prisoners at Kransberg Castle twenty miles north of Frankfurt. This building was the former headquarters of Hermann Göring's Luftwaffe. It was here that American military intelligence officers began the process of deciding their fates. Send them to trial at risk of the gallows. Or spirit them away to war department laboratories in America. (Or do both, and then commute their sentences as if justice did not matter.)
Jacobsen's book tell this story. It's a big one, and she has conducted a massive amount of research and made it readable with a lively narrative style. Some of those scientists did go to face trial at Nuremberg. But others were brought into the U.S. and put quietly back to work.
The newly formed Joint Intelligence Objective Agency, or JOIA, had decided that these scientists were too valuable to the U.S. to allow to fall into Soviet hands. The initiative started by JOIA, Operation Paperclip, was a covert American operation that was one of the most guarded U.S. government secrets of the 20th century. Some of the scientists who were part of it were well known -- Albert Einstein for one. But others had much darker pasts:
* Otto Ambros was a Third Reich chemist who served as director of the German corporation that produced the gas used in the death camps. He was tried at Nuremberg, found guilty of mass murder, and sentenced to eight years. While he was serving time in prison, Operation Paperclip officials arranged for his sentence to be commuted. In 1951, Ambros was hired to work at a clandestine facility north of Frankfurt called Camp King. His work, sanctioned by the Defense Department, ultimately involved the testing of sarin toxins on American soldiers without their knowledge.
* Arthur Rudolph was a Nazi rocket scientist who played a key role in the V-2 rocket program. One of Operation Paperclip's earliest hires, Rudolph, in the U.S., worked his way up through the ranks of NASA to become project director of the Saturn V rocket program. Ultimately, Rudolph was led to confess to war crimes, but his work is all over the U.S. aeronautics technology.
* Kurt Blome, a virologist, pioneered Hitler's secret germ warfare program. Specializing in plague research, Blome conducted human tests on concentration camp prisoners and was a defendant at the Nuremberg Doctors' Trial. Acquitted, Blome was instrumental in the U.S. germ warfare program.
Jacobsen's book tells a dramatic story about morality and expediency, and the ethical quandaries that arise when the former is sacrificed for the latter. She writes with a sense of drama, and has clearly found materials (judging by her source notes) that have eluded other authors. Her book can be recommended to anyone who likes biography, World War II history, or science narratives.
54 of 59 people found the following review helpful.
Deals with the devils
By Rolf Degen
This book is absolutely, breathtakingly fantastic. I am a German, I always thought that I knew everything about our "dark past", and then comes Annie Jacobsen with this treasure trove of unbelievable, mind boggling new revelations. The period is the same where the narrative of the Monuments Men is taking place, in the rubble of the Third Reich, and there is this American task force searching desperately for the whereabouts of the legendary "wunderwaffen" - and the dark geniuses who built them. The greed for these history changing inventions is so enormous, that rules are bent, laws are broken, monsters brought to the USA. The stories of the individual actors are harrowing and, at times, perversely sickening. A great deal of this information had never before been made public. Endless suspicions are raised (Why did Albert Speer get that light sentence at Nuremberg?). I am an author myself and I wish I had written this jewel. The Monuments Men has been filmed by Hollywood, but this is far more explosive dope. Annie, I wish you get your movie!
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